The foundation to a healthy garden starts underground – in the soil. Soil is a living natural resource, one that requires care to keep plants healthy and thriving. Soil health is measured by a few indicators, all of which work together to create a flourishing garden.
The first measure of soil health is pH, which indicates the acidity of a soil. A soil’s pH is naturally occurring, yet it can be increased by adding lime or decreased with sulfur. Most gardens thrive at a pH between 6.0 to 6.8, because at this level other key elements are made available for plants to uptake in the right doses.
The primary elements of soil fertility are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. While other elements also are important to soil health, these three are needed by the plant in the largest amounts. These three elements are critical for plant growth, as they allow plants to fruit, grow strong roots, and adapt to stressful conditions.
Lastly, organic matter is made up of plant and animal residue, and one of the strongest indicators of improving soil health. Soils rich in organic matter have improved nutrient and water retention for plants. Organic matter is measured in terms of a percentage, with 5% being the targeted minimum.
How do you establish a baseline of your own soil’s health? A soil test should be the first step of the growing season. A basic soil analysis is free at WVU’s Soil Testing Lab, and organic matter can be tested for a small fee. Results will report your soil’s pH, nutrient levels and provide fertilizer recommendations based on your selected crop. For more information, visit soiltesting.wvu.edu or contact your local WVU Extension office.
By Emily Morrow, WVU Extension Agent — Jefferson County
